51. What are conflict equivalent schedules?
Ans: Friends Two schedules are said to be conflict equivalent if the order of any two conflicting operations is the same in both schedules. 52. What do you mean by a conflict serializable schedule? Ans: Friends A schedule is called conflict serializable if it is conflict equivalent to some serial schedule. 53. What do you mean by view equivalence? Ans: Friends Two schedules S and S’ are said to be view equivalent if the following three conditions hold: 1. Both S and S’ contain same set of transactions with same operations in them. 2. If any read operation read(x) reads a value written by a write operation or the original value of x the same conditions must hold in the other schedule for the same read(x) operation. 3. If an operation write1(y) is the last operation to write the value of y in schedule S then the same operation must be the last operation in schedule S’. 54. What do you mean by view serializable? Ans: Friends a schedule is said to be view serializable if it is view equivalent with some serial schedule. 55. What are the various methods of controlling concurrency? Ans: Friends 1. Locking 2. Time stamp Locking data item to prevent multiple transactions from accessing the item concurrently. A time stamp is a unique identifier for each transaction, generated by the system. 56. What do you mean by OLTP? Ans: Friends online transaction processing is an application that involve multiple database accesses from different parts of the world. OLTP needs a multi-user DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM software to ensure that concurrent transactions operate correctly. 57. What do you mean by a lock? Ans: Friends a lock is a variable associated with a data item that describes the status of the item with respect to the possible operations that can be applied to it. 58. What are various types of locking techniques? Ans: Friends 1. a binary lock 2. Shared/Exclusive lock 3. Two phase locking 59. What do you mean by a binary lock? Ans: Friends A binary lock can have two states or values: 1. locked (1) 2. Unlocked (0) If locked it cannot be accessed by any other operations, else can be. 60. What do you mean by shared or exclusive lock? Ans: Friends It implements multiple-mode lock. Allowing multiple accesses for read operations but exclusive access for write operation. |
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